Viral Protein Introduction
Viral proteins are both a component and a product of a virus, include structural proteins, nonstructural proteins, regulatory proteins, and accessory proteins.
Viral structural proteins
Capsid
The genetic material of a virus is stored within a viral protein structure called the capsid. Three asymmetric and nonidentical viral protein units make up each of the twenty identical triangular faces in the icosahedral capsid.
Viral envelope
The capsid of some viruses are enclosed in a membrane called the viral envelope. In most cases, the viral envelope is obtained by the capsid from the host cell's plasma membrane when a virus leaves its host cell through a process called budding. The viral envelope is made up of a lipid bilayer embedded with viral proteins, including viral glycoproteins.
Hemagglutinin, neuraminidase, and M2 protein in the influenza virus gp160, composed of subunits gp120 and gp41, in the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
Viral nonstructural proteins
Viral nonstructural proteins these proteins are not assembled in the virion, but carry out important functions that affect the replication process, and the assembly process. For example, DNA and RNA polymerases, helicases, proteases, etc. DNA viruses with large complex genomes, notably poxviruses and herpesviruses, also encode numerous enzymes needed for nucleotide synthesis
Viral regulatory and accessory proteins
Viral regulatory and accessory proteins have many functions. These viral proteins control and influence viral gene expressions in the viral genome, including viral structural gene transcription rates. Some may act in trans(transactivators)Viral regulatory and accessory proteins also influence and adjust cellular functions of the host cell, such as the regulation of genes, and apoptosis. For example, site-specific DNA-binding proteins (transcription factors) which bind to enhancer sequences in the viral genome, or to another transcriptionfactor.
Figure 1.Diagram of how a virus capsid can be constructed.
Figure 2.Property of Viral Protein.
Reference:
Echo Biosystems is committed to delivering high-quality viral proteins to support your scientific research. We have developed a series of high-quality viral proteins including glycoprotein, Matrix protein, Nucleoprotein, and Phosphoprotein to meet your research needs.